The Individuality of Handwriting as Scientific Basis of Forensic Handwriting Examination

Abstract

Handwriting and signature examination have been historically among the first examinations used as evidence in criminal proceedings. Despite a long tradition and history, scientific research and justification of the scientific foundation of handwriting examination, is a relatively late achievement. This paper presents empirical studies that demonstrate the differentiation of the handwriting of individuals (monozygotic twins as well), which is the first step towards scientific justification of forensic handwriting analysis. We then demonstrate that, regardless of cultural reasons one can demonstrate objective, neurobiological causes that lead to individualization of the handwriting of the individual and enables objective interpretation of findings of forensic handwriting examination.