Psychophysiological Responses to VR-Based Exposure Therapy: Implications for Treating PTSD in Victims of Violent Crime

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a significant mental health challenge among victims of violent crime, often characterized by heightened physiological arousal and maladaptive fear responses. Virtual reality (VR) has recently emerged as a promising tool for exposure-based therapy, offering controlled, immersive environments that can enhance ecological validity compared to traditional methods. This study investigates the psychophysiological responses elicited during VR-based exposure therapy, including heart rate variability, galvanic skin response, and cortisol levels, to assess both stress activation and recovery patterns. Findings indicate that while VR scenarios initially trigger elevated arousal comparable to in vivo exposure, repeated sessions are associated with gradual habituation and improved emotion regulation. Importantly, reductions in physiological reactivity were paralleled by self-reported decreases in intrusive memories and avoidance behaviors. These results suggest that monitoring psychophysiological markers provides valuable insight into treatment progress and may guide individualized therapeutic adjustments. The study highlights the potential of VR-based interventions as an effective and adaptable approach for treating PTSD in victims of violent crime.